:root {
  --navy: #133a63;
  --text: #123152;
  --muted: #7a8a9e;
  --line: #e6ecf4;
  --line-soft: #f0f4f9;
  --accent: #2f7ef8;
  --accent-dark: #1b62d6;
  --accent-soft: #e7f0ff;
  --bg: #fff;
  --bg-alt: #f6f9ff;
  --shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(19, 58, 99, 0.08);
  --shadow-hover: 0 16px 38px rgba(19, 58, 99, 0.14);
  --radius: 8px;
  --wrap: 88rem;
  --measure: 47rem;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

/* the whole site renders at 90%: every rem-based size follows this */
html { font-size: 90%; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: Heebo, "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--bg);
}

.wrap {
  max-width: var(--wrap);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: 2.25rem;
}

a { color: var(--accent); }

/* header */

.site-header {
  background: var(--bg);
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0 2rem;
  padding-block: 1.25rem 0;
}

.brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--navy);
}

.brand-mark {
  display: block;
  inline-size: 3.4rem;
  block-size: 3.4rem;
  flex: none;
}

.brand-mark svg { display: block; inline-size: 100%; block-size: 100%; }

.brand-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.25; }
.brand-name { font-weight: 800; font-size: 1.85rem; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
.brand-tagline { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--muted); }

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  flex-basis: 100%;
  gap: 0.35rem 1.7rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-block-start: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-block-start: 0.7rem;
  margin-block-start: 0.5rem;
}

.site-nav a {
  color: var(--navy);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding-block: 0.35rem;
  border-block-end: 2px solid transparent;
}

.site-nav a:hover, .site-nav a.current {
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--cat, var(--accent)) 62%, #000);
  border-block-end-color: var(--cat, var(--accent));
}

.util-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.3rem 1.1rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--navy);
}

.util-nav a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; }
.util-nav a:hover, .util-nav a.current { color: var(--accent); }

.nav-toggle, .nav-burger { display: none; }

/* headings + text */

h1 { font-size: 2.2rem; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 900; }
h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; margin-block-start: 2.5rem; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 700; }
h3 { font-size: 1.1rem; margin-block-start: 1.5rem; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 700; }

.section-title {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-block: 4rem 1.75rem;
}

.lede { font-size: 1.08rem; color: var(--muted); }
.muted, .empty { color: var(--muted); }

.crumbs { font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--muted); margin-block-end: 1.5rem; }
.crumbs a { text-decoration: none; }
.crumbs span { margin-inline: 0.4rem; }

.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--cat, var(--accent)) 13%, #fff);
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--cat, var(--accent)) 62%, #000);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.7rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

/* cards */

.thumb {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 20 / 9;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.post-thumb {
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-block-end: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(17rem, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
}

.card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
}

.card-body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem 1.75rem;
  flex: 1;
}

.card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover); transform: translateY(-3px); }
.card h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.45; }
.card p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.65; }
.card .tag { align-self: flex-start; }
.card-meta { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--muted); margin-block-start: auto; padding-block-start: 0.5rem; }

/* sidebar layout */

.with-sidebar > main { min-width: 0; }

.with-sidebar {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 20rem;
  gap: 4rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding-block-start: 2.5rem;
}

.sidebar {
  position: sticky;
  inset-block-start: 2.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.side-box {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  padding: 1.4rem 1.5rem;
}

.side-box h2 {
  margin: 0 0 0.7rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.side-box ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }

.side-cats a {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--navy);
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  border-block-end: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
  line-height: 1.4;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.side-cats li:last-child a { border-block-end: none; }
.side-cats a:hover { color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--cat, var(--accent)) 62%, #000); }

.side-cats .dot {
  inline-size: 0.55rem;
  block-size: 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--cat, var(--accent));
  flex: none;
}

.side-cats .name { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; }
.side-cats a.current { color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--cat, var(--accent)) 62%, #000); font-weight: 700; }
.side-topics {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.topic-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  color: var(--navy);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.7rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.topic-chip:hover { background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--accent-dark); }
.topic-chip span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.75rem; }

.topic-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.post-topics {
  margin-block-start: 2.5rem;
  padding-block-start: 1.5rem;
  border-block-start: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.side-search {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.6rem 0.7rem;
}

.side-search input {
  flex: 1;
  min-inline-size: 0;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--text);
  padding: 0.3rem 0.3rem;
}

.side-search input:focus { outline: none; }
.side-search:focus-within { box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--accent), var(--shadow); }

.side-search button {
  flex: none;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  inline-size: 2.1rem;
  block-size: 2.1rem;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.side-search button:hover { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.side-search svg { inline-size: 1.1rem; block-size: 1.1rem; }

.side-posts li { margin-block: 0.6rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.side-posts a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--navy); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.side-posts a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.side-note { background: var(--accent-soft); box-shadow: none; }
.side-note p { margin: 0; color: var(--text); font-size: 0.86rem; line-height: 1.65; }

/* figures */

.fig {
  margin: 2.25rem 0;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--bg-alt);
}

/* SVG text-anchor is direction-aware: under dir=rtl the anchors flip and labels
   render outside the viewBox. The Hebrew runs inside still shape right to left. */
.chart { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; direction: ltr; }

.flow-label {
  direction: rtl;
  block-size: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  padding-inline: 0.5rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--text);
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.fig figcaption {
  margin-block-start: 0.9rem;
  padding-block-start: 0.8rem;
  border-block-start: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 0.83rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* article */

.post { max-width: var(--measure); }
.post h1 { margin-block-end: 0.5rem; font-size: 2.3rem; line-height: 1.3; }
.post-meta { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--muted); border-block-end: 1px solid var(--line); padding-block-end: 1.25rem; }
.post-meta span { margin-inline: 0.3rem; }
.post-body h2 { margin-block-start: 2.75rem; }
.post-body p { margin-block: 1.1rem; }
.post-body p a { color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--cat, var(--accent)) 62%, #000); text-underline-offset: 3px; }

.post-body table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-block: 1.75rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.post-body th, .post-body td {
  text-align: start;
  padding: 0.7rem 0.6rem;
  border-block-end: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.post-body th { background: var(--bg-alt); font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); }

.post-body blockquote {
  margin-inline: 0;
  padding-inline-start: 1rem;
  border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--accent);
  color: var(--muted);
}

.post-more {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  margin-block: 3rem 0;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}

.post-more h2 { margin: 0 0 0.75rem; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.post-list { margin: 0; padding-inline-start: 1.1rem; }
.post-list li { margin-block: 0.45rem; }
.post-list a { text-decoration: none; }
.post-list a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* footer */

.site-footer {
  margin-block-start: 6rem;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #dbe6f4;
  padding-block: 3.5rem 1.75rem;
}

.footer-cols {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.8fr 1.4fr 1.2fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
}

.footer-cats ul {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 1.5rem;
}

.footer-links ul {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 1.5rem;
}

.footer-cats a { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; }

.footer-cats .dot {
  inline-size: 0.5rem;
  block-size: 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--cat);
  flex: none;
}

.footer-cols h3 { margin: 0 0 0.7rem; font-size: 0.95rem; color: #fff; }
.footer-cols p { margin: 0; color: #a9bdd6; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.8; max-width: 34rem; }
.footer-cols ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.footer-cols li { margin-block: 0.4rem; }
.footer-cols a { color: #a9bdd6; text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.footer-cols a:hover { color: #fff; }

.footer-legal {
  margin-block-start: 2.5rem;
  padding-block-start: 1.25rem;
  border-block-start: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  color: #8ba4c2;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.footer-legal p { margin: 0.4rem 0; }

/* mobile */

@media (max-width: 780px) {
  /* phones read at full size; the 90% shrink is a desktop decision */
  html { font-size: 100%; }
  body { font-size: 1.0625rem; }
  .wrap { padding-inline: 1.25rem; }
  /* the burger needs room, so the mark and wordmark shrink on small screens */
  .brand-mark { inline-size: 2.7rem; block-size: 2.7rem; }
  .brand-name { font-size: 1.45rem; }
  .brand-tagline { display: none; }
  /* h1 keeps the size it had before the bump */
  h1 { font-size: 1.575rem; }
  h2 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .post h1 { font-size: 1.62rem; }
  .footer-cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .with-sidebar { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .sidebar { position: static; }

  /* let the search box climb above the article, the rest of the sidebar stays below it */
  .with-sidebar > .sidebar { display: contents; }
  .with-sidebar > main { order: 1; }
  .sidebar .side-search { order: 0; }
  .sidebar .side-box:not(.side-search) { order: 2; }
  .side-search input, .search-form input { font-size: 16px; }
  .post-body table { font-size: 0.88rem; }
  .post-body th, .post-body td { padding: 0.5rem 0.35rem; }

  /* the charts are drawn on a 640 unit canvas; below ~520px the labels shrink
     under 10px, so scroll the figure instead of scaling it down further */
  .fig { overflow-x: auto; }
  .chart { min-width: 520px; }

  .nav-burger {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1;
  }

  .site-nav {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    inset-inline: 0;
    inset-block-start: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
    background: var(--bg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    padding: 0.5rem 1.5rem 1rem;
  }

  .util-nav { display: none; }
  .nav-toggle:checked ~ .site-nav { display: flex; }
  .site-nav a { padding-block: 0.7rem; border-block-end: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
  .header-inner { position: relative; flex-wrap: wrap; }
}

/* skip link, accessibility widget, cookie notice */

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  inset-inline-start: -9999px;
  inset-block-start: 0;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.2rem;
  z-index: 100;
}

.skip-link:focus { inset-inline-start: 1rem; inset-block-start: 1rem; }

:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }

.a11y { position: fixed; inset-block-end: 1.25rem; inset-inline-end: 1.25rem; z-index: 60; }

.a11y-btn {
  inline-size: 3rem;
  block-size: 3rem;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
  cursor: pointer;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

.a11y-btn svg { inline-size: 1.6rem; block-size: 1.6rem; }
.a11y-btn:hover { background: var(--accent); }

.a11y-panel {
  position: absolute;
  inset-block-end: 3.75rem;
  inset-inline-end: 0;
  inline-size: 15rem;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
  padding: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.a11y-panel[hidden] { display: none; }
.a11y-panel h2 { margin: 0 0 0.4rem; font-size: 0.8rem; letter-spacing: 0.08em; color: var(--muted); }
.a11y-row { display: flex; gap: 0.4rem; }
.a11y-row button { flex: 1; }

.a11y-panel button {
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  text-align: start;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  color: var(--navy);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.7rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.a11y-panel button:hover { background: var(--accent-soft); }
.a11y-panel button[aria-pressed=true] { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.a11y-panel .a11y-reset { background: #fff; border-color: var(--line); }
.a11y-panel a { font-size: 0.8rem; text-align: center; margin-block-start: 0.3rem; }

.cookie-notice {
  position: fixed;
  inset-block-end: 0;
  inset-inline: 0;
  z-index: 55;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #e6eefa;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.9rem 1.25rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.cookie-notice p { margin: 0; max-width: 60rem; }

/* keep the accessibility button clear of the cookie bar while it is showing */
body:has(#cookie-notice) .a11y { inset-block-end: 5rem; }
.cookie-notice a { color: #fff; }

.cookie-notice button {
  font: inherit;
  font-weight: 600;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.4rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.cookie-notice button:hover { background: var(--accent-dark); }

/* accessibility preferences */

.a11y-contrast {
  --muted: #3c4757;
  --text: #000;
  --navy: #06203c;
  --line: #9aa7b8;
}

.a11y-contrast .card, .a11y-contrast .side-box { border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.a11y-links a { text-decoration: underline !important; font-weight: 600; }
.a11y-spacing .post-body p, .a11y-spacing .lede { line-height: 2.3; }
.a11y-spacing { letter-spacing: 0.02em; }

.a11y-no-motion *, .a11y-no-motion *::before, .a11y-no-motion *::after {
  animation: none !important;
  transition: none !important;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { animation: none !important; transition: none !important; }
}

@media (max-width: 780px) {
  .a11y { inset-block-end: 0.9rem; inset-inline-end: 0.9rem; }
  body:has(#cookie-notice) .a11y { inset-block-end: 11.5rem; }
  .cookie-notice { padding-block-end: 1rem; }
}

/* reading progress, table of contents, share, search */

.read-progress {
  position: fixed;
  inset-block-start: 0;
  inset-inline: 0;
  block-size: 3px;
  background: var(--accent);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: right center;
  z-index: 70;
}

.toc {
  margin-block: 2rem 2.5rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  max-inline-size: var(--measure);
}

.toc[hidden] { display: none; }
.toc h2 { margin: 0 0 0.6rem; font-size: 0.8rem; letter-spacing: 0.08em; color: var(--muted); }
.toc ol { margin: 0; padding-inline-start: 1.2rem; font-size: 0.95rem; }
.toc li { margin-block: 0.35rem; }
.toc a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; }
.toc a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.toc a.current { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; }

.share {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  margin-block-start: 2rem;
  padding-block-start: 1.5rem;
  border-block-start: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.share-btn {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  inline-size: 2.4rem;
  block-size: 2.4rem;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  color: var(--navy);
  cursor: pointer;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 0.15s, color 0.15s;
}

.share-btn svg { inline-size: 1.25rem; block-size: 1.25rem; grid-area: 1 / 1; }
.share-btn .icon-done { display: none; }
.share-btn.copied { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.share-btn.copied .icon-copy { display: none; }
.share-btn.copied .icon-done { display: block; }

.share-btn:hover { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }

.search-form { margin-block: 1.5rem; }

.search-form input {
  inline-size: 100%;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--text);
}

.search-form input:focus { outline: 3px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 1px; }

#search-count { margin-block: 0.5rem 1.5rem; font-size: 0.9rem; }

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  inline-size: 1px;
  block-size: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
}

.glossary dt {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-block-start: 1.5rem;
  scroll-margin-block-start: 2rem;
}

.glossary dd { margin: 0.3rem 0 0; color: var(--text); }

.glossary-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-block: 1.5rem 2.5rem;
}